[문법] 자동사와 타동사

타동사 : 반드시 목적어를 가진다.

 - tell, explain, mention, answer, call, contact, discuss, get, await, bother, oppose, ask, contact, marry, date, approach, attend, advise, receive, examine, receive

   ref) explain, mention, say 뒤에는 설명하는 대상이 바로 나와야 함. explain it. mention it. say it.

     The company hired more workers.

     The teacher told the students to open their books.

 

자동사 : 목적어를 가질 수 없다.

 - talk to/about, speak to/about, respond to, consist of, wait for, interfere with, object to, graduate from, account for, compensate for, succeed in, deal with, apologize to, contribute to

 - 자동사 뒤에 전치사를 쓰면 목적어를 쓸 수 있다.

  Julia looked at her picture.

  The professor talked about physics.

 

 

4형식 동사 (이중 목적어를 취하는 동사) : 간접 목적어(~에게) + 직접 목적어(~을) 순서로 목적어를 두 개 취함

 - send, offer, give, lend, bring, guarantee, notify

 - 4형식 동사(목적어 둘)를 3형식 동사(목적어 하나)로 바꿀 때, 전치사로 대부분 to를 사용하지만 buy 등은 for를 쓴다.

   Simon sent his mother flowers.

   Simon sent flowers to his mother.

   He bought me some books.

   He bought some books for me.

 

 

5형식 동사 (목적어, 목적격 보어)

 - call, make, consider, have, leave, find

   The students call their professor Steve.

   The students consider their professor their friend.

   The students consider their professor kind.

   The students make their professor happy.